8.1 Addressed to the Governments

i) The governments should, as a matter of norm, devote larger financial resources to technology utilization than those devoted for mere R&D so that efforts in technology development can bear fruits.

ii) Aspects related to technology application and utilization of technologies in a country’s socio-economic environment should receive greater commitment by the governments for accelerating technology transfer.

iii) The technology users, particularly small entrepreneurs, need indigenous technologies to be transferred as an integrated package so that they are not subjected to multiple transactions in acquiring technologies. This should definitely take care of the areas relating to feasibility studies, know-how, trouble shooting, quality control, raw materials procurement, managerial and marketing assistance and above all, risk capital.

iv) Standardization and quality control measures should be significantly upgraded so as to promote creditworthiness of indigenous technologies. Standardization is to product what patenting is to invention – both must apply a sound criteria and valid test so that inventions, in fact, meet the requirements of patentability – inventive steps, industrial applicability etc.

v) An important consideration regarding the government role is that it should be directional, providing an adequate set of incentives and promotional environment. Experience indicates that governments – as a public entity – can play the role of catalyzer more effectively for assisting industry and business.

vi) There is a need for better organization of patent offices to strengthen mechanisms for technology generation and utilization.

vii) There is a need to adopt integrally with their industrial development programmes suitable policy measures and incentives for promoting in-house R&D in the private and small-scale sector. It must also be ensured that such promotional policies are effectively followed up during implementation.

viii) In order to avoid possibilities of mismatch in S&T manpower and R&D personnel deployment, it is recommended that countries should undertake prospective planning based on technological consideration for development. The governments should also take timely measures for the formation and training of science researchers and engineers.

ix) Industries must be given greater encouragement and necessary financial incentives for sponsoring research programmers in R&D institution.