Notes

1.  We may extend this topic to see how important it is for the founding of a new Islamic architecture. See my book, From Modernity to Post modernity (Cairo, 1997).

2.  See the book of Azarkachi, I’lam Assajid biahkam Almasajid published by the Ministry of Habous (Cairo, 1982) pp. 226-275.

3.  These rulings were cited in a Master’s thesis by Abderrahman Salij Al-Atram (Imam Mohamed Ben Sa’ud University).

4.  See the following important research references :

- Al-Hamadani, Al-‘Iklil ed. by Al-Akwaa’ (Baghdad 1977-1980)

- Ibn Al-Kalabi, Al-Asnam ed. Ahmed Zaki (Cairo, 1965)

- Ibn ‘Asakir, Tarikh Dimashq, the edited parts which are published in the Arabic Language Academy of Damascus.

- Ibn Al-Haytham, Al-Manadir (vol. 1), Al-Majliss Al-Watani (Kuweit, 1982)

- Al-Maqrizi, Al-mawa’id wa al-‘itibar, fi dhikri al-khutat wal-athar (Beirut : Dar Sadir)

- Al-Jahiz, in his books : Al-Bukhala’, Al-Hayawan, Rissalat attrbii’ wattadwir.

- Attawhidi, in his books : Al-Muqabasat, Al-‘imtaa’ wal-mu’anasa, risalat al-kitaba.

- The missives of  Ikwan Assafa.

5.  See Ibn Qutayba’s ‘Uyun al-Akhbar, (Vol. I) Dar al-kitab al-arabi-Cairo.

6. These conditions are cited in Al-Mas’udi’s book, Muruj Addahab wa Ma’adin al-Jawhar (Vol. 2) pp. 48-65.

7. We dealt with the question of Islamic identity in our book, Al-‘Imara al-Arabiyya (al-Jamaliyya, al-Wahda, Attanawwua’). Published by Al Majlis al-Qawmi Li-thaqafa (Rabat) in Rome.

8. See the detailed study of J. Sauvaget, La mosquée Omayyade de Médine (Paris : 1947).

9. Ali Basha Mubarak, Al-Khutat Attawfiqiyya, al-Hayaa al-‘Amma likitab (Cairo 1964) p. 210-15.

10. Among these we cite Herzfield, Sarre and Max Van Berrshem and his daughter Margaret, Papadopoulo, O. Grabar, Marçais, Sauvaget, Burckhart, George Michel, Michael Rogers ....

11. We cite here the examples of Hassan Fathi, Salah Lam’i, Abdelbaqi Ibrahim, Tharwat Ukasha, Badi’i El’Abed, Issa Salmane, Abdelkader Rihawi, Samir Saygh, Mohammed Sijelmasi, Su’ad Maher,Ahmed Issa and Oktaï Aslan Aba.

12.  I described in detail the pottery of Damascus in the book I co-authored with Porter: Al-Khazaf Al-Islami (Cairo: Dar Al-Katib, 2002); as for ornamentation refer to my book  Jamaliyyat Azzakhraf (Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1998).

13. See my book Mu’jam Mustalahat al-Khatt al-‘Arabi wal-Khattatin  (Maktabat Lubnan, 1997).

14. Hassan Fathi, Construire avec le peuple.

15. See my book, Al-Hadatha wa ma ba’d al-Hadatah (Cairo, 1997)

16. See Brukhardt’s book Art of Islam, published by Islamic World Festival.

17. O. Grabar, The Formaiton of Islamic Art (Yale)

18. A. Papadopoulo, L’Islam et l’art musulman (Mezenod)

19. I assembled in my book, Al-Fikr al-Jamali ‘inda Attawhidi,  a summary of his ideas on Islamic aesthetics scattered throughout his books. Pub. Supreme Council of culture, Cairo.

20. O. Aurenche, Dictionnaire de l’architecture du proche orient (Beirut & Lyon: 1976)

21. See the dictionaries that I have presented:

Mu’ajam al-mustalahat, Thulati allughat (Damascus: The Arabic Language Academy, 1972).

Mu’jam al’imara wal funun: Inglizi/’arabi (Beirut: Mkatabat Lubnan, 1955)

Mu’jam al-mustalahat (Damascus: The Arabic Language Academy, 1967).

22. See my book, Al-Fikr al-Jamali ‘inda Attawhidi, referred above.

23. Dr. Tharwat ‘Ukasha was the first to pay attention to the book of Mi’raj Nameh. He edited it published its ornaments and explained them. See Mi’raj Nameh: Athar Islami Musawwar (Beirut: Dar al-Mustaqbal al-‘Arabi, 1987)

24. Ibid.